Monday, October 6, 2008
A trip through Gaza tunnels; how they work, how much they cost, what they bring in
The cost of each package of goods dragged through the tunnels was initially
500 US dollars, but when the industry exploded the price went down to 300,
then 200 US dollars when the Gaza markets became saturated with Egyptian
goods.
A trip through Gaza tunnels; how they work, how much they cost, what they
bring in
Date: 06 / 10 / 2008 Time: 20:59
www.maannews.net/en/index.php?opr=ShowDetails&ID=32369
Gaza - Ma'an - Every time a Gazan enters one of the tunnels snaking beneath
the no-man's-land of the Gaza-Egypt border, he knows that his fate will be
one of the following:
Death by suffocation, whether by sand, gas fumes or water;
Death under a collapsing or demolished passage;
Death or injury by electrocution from faulty or wet wiring;
Exit to the far side of the tunnel.
The current death toll of Gazans in the tunnels is nearing 50, meaning the
chances that any one of the hundreds of Gazans will perish in the grave-like
passages seem increasingly likely.
The tunnel story began when Palestinian resistance fighters needed arms in
the struggle against Israel, and dug the first tunnels to secure weapons.
The trade soon expanded to include drugs and then a "precious items" black
market trade.
Now, one and a half years after the Hamas take over in Gaza and a year after
the Israeli blockade, the 'weapons' being brought in to Gaza are basic foods
and "luxury goods" like sprite and chocolate, to fight off hunger and
sadness.
The tunnels have become a public phenomenon with their own laws, regulations
and tax rates; they are even the subject at Hamas bloc cabinet meeting
sessions.
Those who work daily in the tunnels describe their work as trying and
dangerous, but add that there is no other alternative, and they must somehow
make a living. Despite the risks some say they are lucky, compared to the
thousands of unemployed, and add that at least the tunnels are a source of
commercial revenue for the stifled Strip.
Merchants made use of lands on the borders with Egypt and dug their tunnels
there. Digging starts near a home, or secluded piece of land, and the owners
might help diggers or find equipment to help in the beginning stages.
Workers are recruited by word of mouth, and when the 2 or 3 kilometer
tunnels are finished, about 20 meters below the earth, ten workers remain
and begin pulling goods through the passages with long lengths of rope.
Wives are the latest "luxury" item smuggled in
As the trouble in the Gaza Strip began, many a family member travelled
abroad to escape the siege or infighting between Fatah and Hamas. Mothers
went to live with family in Egypt or overseas, and many have not been
allowed back into the area due to strict Israeli and Egyptian control over
crossing points.
Brides from Egypt or other countries, engaged to Gazan men and unable to
enter the Strip to marry, turn to the tunnels along with the exiled wives ,
after giving up on legal ways of entering the area.
One tunnel worker estimated that ten workers were brought in each month
through the network of tunnels. The desperate women must crawl into open
containers that are then dragged through the tunnels, their bodies covered
to protect them from the rough ground.
Mechanics of the Tunnels
Air pumps are used to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen through the
underground networks. Pumps are turned on every hour for 15 minutes when
diggers or smugglers are below the earth.
Phones are installed every 500 meters to kilometer so problems or needs can
be communicated to those manning the entrances to the tunnels.
The cost of each package of goods dragged through the tunnels was initially
500 US dollars, but when the industry exploded the price went down to 300,
then 200 US dollars when the Gaza markets became saturated with Egyptian
goods.
Gazans have begun referring to goods from Egypt, smugglers, and indeed much
of the Gazan economy by the now well known phrase "tunnel commerce." Most
say they never dreamed that they would be able to find many of the goods
they have been deprived of as a result of the Israeli blockade. Supply, many
add, is still below demand, and the Gaza tunnel industry has room to grow.
Workers get a discount of 10 US dollars for packages they drag themselves
through the tunnels.
The cost of building a tunnel is 80-90 thousand US dollars for a short one
(500 meters) and double to triple that cost for the one or two kilometer
tunnels.
One worker estimated that there are currently 270 tunnels with a single
entrance each from the Palestinian side, and added that the Egyptian tunnels
often have two entrances, since authorities routinely demolish tunnel
openings.
Accusing Egyptian authorities of murder
Families of tunnel victims ask only that the Rafah crossings be opened so
they can obtain goods legally and without the threat of death. Several have
accused Egyptian authorities of murdering civilians with their political
policies of keeping Rafah closed, as well as their continued efforts and
destroying many of the tunnels.
Tens of tunnel entrances have been imploded, and it was recently revealed
that American undercover agents with specialized equipment were working to
locate and shut down the tunnels from the Gaza side.
Rafah the richest governorate in Gaza
The town of Rafah, which actually straddles the Egypt-Gaza border, and its
surrounding areas, has become a large commercial center due to the local
profits from the smuggling.
Many Gazans in other districts say they would never use their money to fund
tunnels that have cost many Gazans their lives, and have made illegal
smuggling status quo in Gaza.
The de facto government and Hamas say they are waiting for confirmation that
the official Rafah crossing will be permanently opened by Egyptian
authorities before they crack down on the smuggling. They have also started
forcing tunnel owners to pay up to 50 thousand Jordanian Dinars (70,600 US
dollars) to each family who loses a son or father in the tunnels.
De facto government authorities have also said that they are working to
ensure that only goods prevented from coming into the Strip by Israel are
being allowed through the tunnels. Items like weapons and drugs are strictly
prohibited and are confiscated when found.